湘西铁路沿线红层边坡工程地质研究     

刘成禹  何赤忠  何满潮 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2007,18(2):58-62

地处湘西山区的湘黔、焦柳铁路沿线分布众多的红层边坡。因其工程地质条件的特殊性,边坡灾害时有发生,严重影响了列车的安全运行。文章首先对这一地区红层的工程地质特性进行研究,在此基础上,对边坡破坏形式、规律、机理等进行深入探讨。研究表明:分布在湘西铁路沿线的红层具有岩性多变、软硬互层、浸水崩解、遇水软化、结构面众多及泥化软弱夹层发育等工程特性;红层边坡变形破坏的主要形式有风化剥落、坡面变形、崩塌落石和顺层滑坡等。文章通过湘西湘黔、焦柳铁路沿线12处较大红层路堑滑坡的调查及综合分析,得出这一地区红层路堑滑坡形成的基本规律并根据滑坡体物质及滑动面特征对其进行了分类。分析了该地区红层滑坡的形成机理并提出红层边坡地质灾害的防治措施。  相似文献   

无限终端线性二次调节器最优输出反馈律     

张雷  曾蓉 《成都理工学院学报》2007,34(6):653-656

线性二次调节器问题在现代控制理论中占有重要地位。该文针对状态调节器最优反馈律结构复杂、不便工程实现等问题，着重讨论了无限终端带有输出方程的状态调节器的最优输出反馈律，还跟踪讨论了无限终端输出调节器的最优反馈律。所得结论可降低调节器的复杂程度，便于工程实现。  相似文献   

新疆层控型铅锌矿   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3  

董连慧  庄道泽  冯京  张良臣 《新疆地质》2007,25(4):339-344

简要叙述了新疆周边国家及地区层控型铅锌矿的时空分布规律及重要成矿带的特点,并以此为背景分别对新疆层控铅锌矿进行了系统分析研究,总结了新疆主要层控铅锌矿床的时空分布规律、构造环境、层位、断裂等控矿规律,提出并论述了新疆新确定的阿尔泰等8条重要层控型铅锌成矿带和诺尔特等14条矿带特征,指出新疆今后寻找沉积岩容矿的层控铅锌矿主要方向是以塔里木(含柴达木)周边前寒武纪基底地块和不同时代陆缘盆地为主,而寻找火山-沉积岩容矿的层控铅锌矿则是以准噶尔周边和西伯利亚板块南部边缘的大陆边缘裂陷盆地、裂陷槽、上叠盆地为主等.  相似文献   

Probabilistic risk and uncertainty analysis for bioremediation of four chlorinated ethenes in groundwater     

I. D. Benekos  C. A. Shoemaker  J. R. Stedinger 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2007,21(4):375-390

Groundwater contamination risk assessment for health-threatening compounds should benefit from a stochastic environmental risk assessment which considers the effects of biological, chemical, human behavioral, and physiological processes that involve elements of biotic and abiotic aquifer uncertainty, and human population variability. This paper couples a complex model of chemical degradation and transformation with movement in an aquifer undergoing bioremediation to generate a health risk analysis for different population cohorts in the community. A two-stage Monte Carlo simulation has separate stages for population variability and aquifer uncertainty yielding a computationally efficient and conceptually attractive algorithm. A hypothetical example illustrates how risk variance analysis can be conducted to determine the distribution of risk, and the relative impact of uncertainty and variability in different sets of parameters upon the variation of risk values for adults, adolescents, and children. The groundwater example considers a community water supply contaminated with chlorinated ethenes. Biodegradation pathways are enhanced by addition of butyrate. The results showed that the contribution of uncertainty to the risk variance is comparable to that of variability. Among the uncertain parameters considered, transmissivity accounted for the major part of the output variance. Children were the most susceptible and vulnerable population cohort.  相似文献   

执法为民依法治"震"     

陈俊晖  陈晓发 《国际地震动态》2007,(10):32-35

通过对防震减灾法在实施过程中存在不善于执法和执法不严等问题的分析,提出加强地震行政执法,依法保护全社会各行各业建设工程必须达到抗震设防要求,保证防震减灾工作有序地进行,切实收到减灾成效。笔者拟从端正执法思想,规范执法行为,强化执法监督三方面综述加强地震行政执法力度对防震减灾、造福民众的重要意义。  相似文献   

月球重力场的确定及构建我国自主月球重力场模型的方案研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

李斐  鄢建国 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2007,32(1):6-10

对绕月卫星的运动规律以动力学方程的形式进行了描述，并讨论了绕月卫星定轨中动力法和几何法的适用性以及通过定轨观测获取月球重力场模型的计算方式和优化算法’在归纳月球重力场确定的技术流程的基础上。针对月球背面绕月卫星摄动无法观测的困难，分析了目前所能采取的各种处理办法及其特征。结合我国即将发射的“嫦娥卫星”装备有激光测高计这一特点，提出将月球表面地形与月球重力场之间的强相关性作为约束来确定我国自主重力场模型的设想。  相似文献   

Source parameters and stress release of seismic sequences occurred in the Friuli-Venezia Giulia region (Northeastern Italy) and in Western Slovenia     

Gianni Bressan  Stefano Kravanja  Gianlorenzo Franceschina   《Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors》2007,160(3-4):192-214

The source parameters of the major events of a swarm and of two seismic sequences, occurred in the Friuli area (Northeastern Italy) and in Western Slovenia, were estimated. The Claut swarm (C96) occurred since the end of January to June 1996, with a M_D 4.3 major shock and it appears composed of three sub-sequences. The two sequences are the Kobarid sequence (K98) started on April 12, 1998 with a M_D 5.6 mainshock and the M.te Sernio (S02) sequence caused by the February 14, 2002 earthquake (M_D = 4.9). Acceleration and velocity data recorded by the local seismic network of the Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimenale (OGS) and corrected for attenuation, were employed to estimate seismic moments and radiated energies. Source dimensions were inferred from the computed corner frequencies and the stress release was estimated from the Brune stress drop, the apparent stress and the RMS stress drop. On the whole, seismic moments range from 1.7 × 10¹² to 1.1 × 10¹⁷ N m, and radiated energies are in the range 10⁶–10¹³ J. Brune stress drops are scattered and do not show any evidence of a self-similarity breakdown for sources down to 130 m radius. The radiated seismic energy scales as a function of seismic moment, with a slope of the scaling relation that decreases for increasing seismic moments.The mechanism of stress release was analyzed by computing the ɛ parameter of Zuniga [Zuniga, R., 1993. Frictional overshoot and partial stress drop. Which one? Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 83, 939–944]. The K98 and S02 sequences are characterized by a wide range of the ɛ parameter with stress drop mechanism varying from partial locking to overshoot cases. The ɛ values of the C96 swarm are more homogeneous and close to the Orowan's condition. The radiated seismic energy and the ratio of stress drop between mainshock and aftershocks appear different among the analyzed cases. We therefore investigated the relationship between the stress parameters of the main shock and the energy radiated by the aftershock sequences. For this purpose, we also estimated the source parameters of two other sequences occurred in the area, with mainshocks of M_D 4.1 and 5.1, respectively. We found a positive correlation between the Brune stress drop of the mainshock and the ratio between the radiated energy of the mainshock and the summation of the energies radiated by the aftershocks.  相似文献   

The effect of mineralogical and cationic heterogeneities on rheological properties of suspensions with Li-smectites, extracted from Volclay MX-80     

Christine Malfoy  Claude Fontaine  Anne Pantet  Philippe Monnet 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2007,339(16):960-969

The rheological study of colloidal suspensions contributes to the understanding of the aggregation phenomena of colloidal particles within a suspended fluid. The infra-2-μm (equivalent diameter) fraction of a bulk material, Volclay MX-80 bentonite was intensively analysed in order to understand the relative rheological data scattering observed with Li-smectite suspensions, prepared with the usual saturation procedure. A good mineralogical characterisation, especially for secondary minerals, coupled to a verification of cation exchanges on clayey fraction allowed us to propose a new way for investigating the observed differences of the bentonites rheological behaviour. Indeed, for a well Li-saturated smectite obtained from the purified infra-2-μm fraction, rheological data proved to be very accurate and perfectly reproducible. This emphasises the role of other minerals as well as the commonly observed discrepancy between the rheological behaviours of natural and industrial bentonites.  相似文献   

Modeling permeability in imperfectly layered porous media. I. Derivation of block-scale permeability tensor for thin grid-blocks     

W. Zijl  J. M. T. Stam 《Mathematical Geology》1992,24(8):865-883

Practical expressions are given for the nine components of the block-scale permeability tensor of a thin block. These expressions are derived from the local-scale continuity equation and Darcy's law in an anisotropic layered porous medium. The flow problem is separated in a bottom-flux problem and a top-flux problem, both of which can be solved in essentially the same way. The bottom-flux problem has been worked out in detail, and has been separated in two parts: a vertical potential difference and a horizontal potential difference part. Each is solved with a different approach specially designed for it. Depth-averaged expressions are obtained first, after which block-scale expressions are obtained by assuming a constant depth-averaged flux. In the zeroth order, this results in the well-known Dupuit approximation in geohydrology, and the vertical equilibrium (VE) approximation in petroleum reservoir engineering. The novelty of the theory presented here stems from the application of a perturbation technique to obtain first-order corrections to these well-known results. The local-scale laws are applied in the coordinate system coinciding with the principal axes of the local-scale permeability tensor. Only in this coordinate system the local-scale permeability tensor has zero off-diagonal components. However, since the porous medium is imperfectly layered, the first-order corrections show that the off-diagonal components of the block-scale permeability tensor are not zero. Furthermore, the block-scale permeability tensor is generally nonsymmetric, which implies that a coordinate system in which the off-diagonal terms disappear does not exist.  相似文献   

2D Monte Carlo versus 2D Fuzzy Monte Carlo health risk assessment   总被引：15，自引：4，他引：11  

E. Kentel  M. M. Aral 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2005,19(1):86-96

Risk estimates can be calculated using crisp estimates of the exposure variables (i.e., contaminant concentration, contact rate, exposure frequency and duration, body weight, and averaging time). However, aggregate and cumulative exposure studies require a better understanding of exposure variables and uncertainty and variability associated with them. Probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) studies use probability distributions for one or more variables of the risk equation in order to quantitatively characterize variability and uncertainty. Two-dimensional Monte Carlo Analysis (2D MCA) is one of the advanced modeling approaches that may be used to conduct PRA studies. In this analysis the variables of the risk equation along with the parameters of these variables (for example mean and standard deviation for a normal distribution) are described in terms of probability density functions (PDFs). A variable described in this way is called a second order random variable. Significant data or considerable insight to uncertainty associated with these variables is necessary to develop the appropriate PDFs for these random parameters. Typically, available data and accuracy and reliability of such data are not sufficient for conducting a reliable 2D MCA. Thus, other theories and computational methods that propagate uncertainty and variability in exposure and health risk assessment are needed. One such theory is possibility analysis based on fuzzy set theory, which allows the utilization of incomplete information (incomplete information includes vague and imprecise information that is not sufficient to generate probability distributions for the parameters of the random variables of the risk equation) together with expert judgment. In this paper, as an alternative to 2D MCA, we are proposing a 2D Fuzzy Monte Carlo Analysis (2D FMCA) to overcome this difficulty. In this approach, instead of describing the parameters of PDFs used in defining the variables of the risk equation as random variables, we describe them as fuzzy numbers. This approach introduces new concepts and risk characterization methods. In this paper we provide a comparison of these two approaches relative to their computational requirements, data requirements and availability. For a hypothetical case, we also provide a comperative interpretation of the results generated.  相似文献